Description
Adenosylcobalamin
Adenosylcobalamin is one of the active forms of vitamin B12, which plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes in the body. Unlike other forms of B12, adenosylcobalmamin is stored in the mitochondria and does not require conversion or activation to be utilised by the body. Its primary role is in facilitating the breakdown and burning of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, which are necessary for the production of energy in the mitochondria. Without adenosylcobalamin, this process becomes inefficient, leading to a build-up of lactic acid, fatigue, pain, exercise intolerance, and other metabolic errors. Another key benefit of adenosylcobalamin is its involvement in the synthesis of myelin, a protective coating around nerve cells. Without sufficient amounts of adenosylcobalamin, myelin degenerates, resulting in nerve damage and related health issues (1).
In the UK, the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for vitamin B12 is 75 micrograms/day for men and 60 micrograms/day for women. While the levels vary depending on age, the British Nutrition Foundation suggestions can be found in table 1 (2).
Table 1. Recommended Nutrient Intakes for vitamin B12 (2)
| Age |
Male |
Female |
Pregnancy |
Lactation |
| 1-3 years |
0.5µg/d |
0.5µg/d |
|
|
| 4-6 years |
0.8µg/d |
0.8µg/d |
|
|
| 7-10 years |
1.0µg/d |
1.0µg/d |
|
|
| 11-14 years |
1.2µg/d |
1.2µg/d |
|
|
| 15-18 years |
1.5µg/d |
1.5µg/d |
|
|
| 19-50 years |
1.5µg/d |
1.5µg/d |
* |
+0.5µg/d |
| 50+ years |
1.5µg/d |
1.5µg/d |
|
|
*No Increase
Adenosylcobalamin deficiency is characterised by symptoms similar to those of a general vitamin B12 deficiency, including chronic fatigue and weakness, which are notable signs due to the critical role of adenosylcobalamin in energy production. Furthermore, insufficient levels of adenosylcobalamin can result in serious conditions such as dementia, neuropathy, and ataxia, which are caused by elevated levels of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in the body. Other potential symptoms of adenosylcobalamin deficiency may include impaired memory, depression, pale skin, and dizziness (3).
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Adenosylcobalamin plays a crucial role in energy production within the mitochondria, where it is a key component of the enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. This enzyme is responsible for converting methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA mutase, which is a critical step in the citrate cycle. The citrate cycle is a fundamental metabolic process that produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy source for the human body. A deficiency in adenosylcobalamin can, therefore, impair ATP production, leading to symptoms such as chronic fatigue, exhaustion, muscle weakness, weight loss, and developmental disorders. Without adenosylcobalamin, the citrate cycle can not fully function optimally, resulting in a decrease in energy production and, ultimately, a range of health problems. Therefore, it is essential to ensure adequate supply of adenosylcobalamin to support optimal energy metabolism and overall health (4).
Adenosylcobalamin not only plays a crucial role in energy production but also has a significant impact on nerve health. The process in which adenosylcobalamin is involved not only converts methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, but also reduces harmful methylmalonic acid. Methylmalonic acid has been shown to impair the synthesis of fatty acids, which are essential for the continuous renewal of the myelin sheath, a protective coating around nerve cells. Without sufficient adenosylcobalamin, the myelin sheath can degenerate, leading to nerve damage and neuron death. This highlights the importance of maintaining adequate levels of adenosylcobalamin to support optimal nerve function and overall health (4).
Adenosylcobalamins impact on health extends beyond energy production and nerve health. This form of vitamin B12 is also involved in the metabolism of several essential amino acids and hormones such as valine, isoleucine, threonine, methionine, thymine, and cholesterol. Adenosylcobalamins role in the metabolism of these vital components of the human body underscores its importance in supporting overall health and well-being. A deficiency in adenosylcobalamin can lead to a disruption in the metabolism of these amino acids and hormones, potentially causing adverse effects on health (4).
Adenosylcobalamin deficiency can be determined by measuring the levels of MMA in the blood or urine. Elevated levels of MMA, specifically over 0.27 micromoles per litre as reported in one study, may indicate inadequate adenosylcobalamin levels and potential B12 deficiency. Higher levels of MMA, particularly at or above 0.60 micromoles per litre, may also be associated with neurological issues. Therefore, testing for MMA can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess adenosylcobalamin deficiency in the body (5).
Patients who suffer from intestinal disorders, vitamin B12 malabsorption syndrome, or have undergone intestinal surgery may experience difficulty absorbing adenosylcobalamin. To avoid potential health risks, patients should inform their healthcare practitioner of any impaired liver or kidney function, deficiencies in iron, folic acid, or vitamin B1, as well as the presence of Leber’s disease, and pregnancy or breastfeeding. In additional to these precautions, it is important to be aware of potential drug interactions with adenosylcobalamin, such as chloramphenicol, methotrexate, pyrimethamine, cholestyramine, colchicine, and heavy alcohol consumption. Consulting with a healthcare provider and carefully monitoring medication use can help prevent any adverse effects from adenosylcobalamin (6).
Ingredients
| Ingredient |
Amount per serving |
ECRDA* |
%DV* |
| Vitamin B12 (as Adenosylcobalamin) |
1 mg |
40,000%* |
16,667%* |
* Percent Daily Reference Intakes (RI) are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
INGREDIENTS: Microcrystalline cellulose, Vegetable capsule (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), Adenosylcobalamin.
Suitable for vegans
